Comparative Analysis of Default Buildpack Behavior Across Modern Web Frameworks
Abstract Automatic source-to-container systems reduce the configuration required to deploy web applications, but their default behavior differs across programming languages, framework conventions, package managers, runtime metadata, and repository layouts. This paper presents an empirical comparison of five buildpack-style systems: Paketo Cloud Native Buildpacks, Heroku Cloud Native Buildpacks, Nixpacks, Railpack, and